St. Ursula.

圣乌苏拉

“Ursula and her companions were massacred by the Huns, about the year 450, near Cologne and in other places. Ursula was raised up by God to preserve the maidens and widows of her time from seduction and dishonor, and to enrol them in the celestial army of crowned martyrs. She accomplished her mission with extraordinary energy and constancy. The archangel Raphael was given her as a guide.

「大约在公元450年，乌苏拉和她的同伴在（德国）科隆附近和其他地方被匈奴人屠杀了。乌苏拉被天主兴起，以保护她那个时代的少女和寡妇免受诱惑和侮辱，并将她们纳入天国的殉道冠冕者军旅。乌苏拉以非凡的精力和毅力完成了她的使命。总领天神辣法厄尔被赐予她作为护守天神。

He announced to her   task, saying that the mercy of God willed not that, at this frightful epoch of destruction, so many virgins and widows left defenceless and deprived of protectors by the bloody wars should fall a prey to the savage Huns ; rather should they die as innocent children than live to fall into sin.

天主向她宣布了她的任务，说在这可怕的毁灭时期，天主的仁慈不愿让这么多手无寸铁、失去保护的贞女和寡妇，由于血腥战争沦为野蛮匈奴的猎物；她们宁可像无辜的孩子一样死去，也不愿活着陷入罪里。

Ursula was not exactly beautiful ; she was tall and strong, resolute and energetic, of a very grave countenance and masculine bearing. She was, at the time of her martyrdom, thirty-three years old. I saw her as a little girl in the house of her parents, Deonotus and Geruma, in a city of England.

乌苏拉并不漂亮；她身材高大强壮，坚定而精力充沛，面容严肃，举止阳刚。她殉道的时候，三十三岁。我看到她还是个小女孩的时候，住在英格兰的一个城市，那是她的父母德奥诺图斯和格鲁玛的家。

The house stood on a broad street ; it had steps before the door, and a metal railing with yellow knobs. It looked like the paternal house of St. Benedict, in Italy, which too had brass railings surmounting a low wall. Ursula had ten playmates who joined her every morning and evening in an inclosed field where, divided into two bands, they exercised in running, wrestling, and even in the use of the lance.

房子坐落在一条宽阔的街道上；门前有台阶，还有一个带黄色把手的金属栏杆。它看起来像意大利圣本笃的祖屋，那里也有黄铜栏杆和矮墙。乌苏拉有十个玩伴，每天早晚都和她一起在一个封闭的院子里，她们分成两队，一起进行跑步、摔跤，甚至使用长矛的锻炼。

They were not all Christians, though Ursula and her parents were. Ursula was the instructress of her companions, and she exercised them thus by order of her angel. Her parents often watched their games well-pleased. Maximian, a pagan, was then lord over England, and I am not now sure that he was not the husband of Ursula's eldest sister, Ottilia. Ursula had vowed herself to God.

虽然乌苏拉和她的父母都是基督徒，但他们的同伴并不都是基督徒，乌苏拉是她同伴们的导师，她是按照她的天神的命令来训练她们的。她的父母经常很高兴地观看她们的比赛。异教徒马克西米安当时是英格兰的领主，我现在不确定他是不是乌苏拉的大姐奥蒂莉亚的丈夫。乌苏拉曾向天主发愿守贞。

A warrior, powerful and renowned, requested of her father the privilege of witnessing the exercises of the maidens of whom he had heard so much. Though embarrassed by the request, Ursula's father dared not refuse. He tried, at first, to put him off; but the man insisted until he gained his point. He was charmed with Ursula's skill and beauty and at once, asked her in marriage, saying that her young companions should espouse his officers in a country beyond the sea not yet peopled.

一位威武有名、身强力壮的武士，请求她的父亲允许他亲眼目睹他久仰的少女们练功。乌苏拉的父亲虽然对这个请求感到尴尬，但也不敢拒绝。起初，他试图搪塞他。但是那个人坚持已见，直到他达到了自己的目的。他被乌苏拉的武艺和美貌迷住了，立刻向她求婚，说她的年轻同伴应该在一个尚未有人居住的海外国家嫁给他的军官们。

I thought of Bonaparte, who made matches for his officers. I saw the father's deep affliction and the daughter's fright when apprised of this offer which could not be declined. Ursula went by night to the play-ground and besought God in earnest prayer.

我想这是波拿巴，他为他的军官们牵线搭桥。当得知这个无法拒绝的配对提议时，我看到了这个父亲深深的痛苦和女儿在听到提议时的惊恐。于是乌苏拉夜里到操场去，恳切地向天主虔诚地祈祷。

The archangel Raphael appeared to her, consoled her, and instructed her to request that each of her companions might be allowed to choose ten other maidens, and to demand a delay of three years in which to practise all sorts of naval combats and manoeuvres. He exhorted her to confidence in God, who would not permit her vow of virginity to be violated.

总领天神辣法厄尔显现给她，安慰她，并指示她请求她的每个同伴准许她们各挑选另外十名少女，并要求推迟婚事三年，以便在这三年里练习各种海上作战和演习。辣法厄尔忠告她要相信天主，天主不会允许她的守贞誓言被侵犯。

In these three years she was, with God's help, to convert her companions to Christianity. Ursula delivered these conditions to her father who, in turn, proposed them to the suitor. He accepted them. Ursula and her ten companions chose respectively ten other maidens, who became their pupils. The father had five small vessels fitted out for them, upon each of which were about twenty girls and also a few sailors to teach them how to manage the sails and fight at sea.

在这三年里，在天主的帮助下，她让她的同伴皈依了基督教。乌苏拉将这些条件告诉了她的父亲，而她的父亲又向求婚者提出了这些条件。求婚者接受了这些条件。乌苏拉和她的十名同伴分别选择了另外十名少女，成为她们的学生。父亲为她们准备了五艘小船，每艘船上都有大约二十个少女，还有几名水手教她们如何驾驭风帆和海上作战。 

And now I saw them exercising daily, first in a river, then along the sea-shore. They sailed along quietly, gave one another chase, separated, leaped from ship to ship, etc. I often saw a crowd on the shore watching them, especially the father and suitor, the latter rejoicing in the prospect of soon having so valorous and skilful a wife ; for he thought with such a one by his side, he would be able to overcome every obstacle.

现在我看到她们每天都在操练，先是在河里，然后是在海边。她们悄悄地航行，互相追逐，分开，从一艘船跳到另一艘船，等等。我经常看到岸上的一群人在注视着她们，尤其是父亲和那位求婚者，后者为即将拥有如此勇敢和武艺精湛的妻子而欣喜若狂；因为他认为有这样一位妻子在身边，他就能克服一切障碍。

After awhile I saw the maidens practising alone without the sailors, Bertrand, the confessor, and two other ecclesiastics being upon the vessels. Ursula had, by this time, converted all her maidens, among whom were some only twelve years old. They were baptized by the priests. Ursula's courage and confidence in God increased every day.

过了一会儿，我看到少女们独自在海上训练，船上没有水手，告解神师伯特兰和另外两名神父在船上。乌苏拉这时已使她所有的少女皈依了基督教，其中有些只有十二岁。她们由神父领了洗。乌苏拉对天主的勇气和信心与日俱增。

I saw them landing on small islands and practising their naval exercises, all accompanied with prayer and the chanting of the psalms, all performed with great freedom and boldness. Ursula's wonderful earnestness and courage are quite indescribable.

我看到她们在小岛上登陆，并进行海上演习，所有的一切都伴随着祈祷和吟诵圣咏，所有的演习都以极大的自由和大胆的方式进行。乌苏拉的认真和勇气实在是难以形容。

The maidens wore short dresses, descending a little below the knee ; they were quite plain on the hips and had close-fitting bodies. Their feet were laced. Some had their hair uncovered and braided around the head, whilst others wore a sort of headdress with ends hanging behind. In their exercises they used light, blunt spears.

姑娘们都穿着低于膝盖的短裙；她们的臀部平坦，紧身健美，她们的脚上系着绑带。有些人把头发露在外面，编成辫子盘在头上，而另一些人则戴着一种头饰，头饰末端垂在身后。在她们的操练中，她们使用了轻而钝的长矛。

When the three years agreed upon drew to a close, I saw that the maidens were one heart and one soul. When, having already taken leave of their parents, they were about to embark to go to their future husbands, I saw Ursula in prayer. A luminous figure stood before her bidding her trust all to God, the Lord, who would give them the martyr's crown as His own brides, pure virgins ; that she herself should propagate Christianity wherever the Lord would lead her; and that many virgins should through her be saved from dishonor and enter heaven adorned with the crown of martyrdom.

当约定的三年接近尾声时，我看到少女们是同心同德的。 当她们辞别父母，即将启程去见她们未来的丈夫时，我看到乌苏拉正在祈祷。 一个发光的身影站在她面前，吩咐她全心信赖上主，天主会把殉道者的冠冕赐给她们，让她们做主自己的新娘，纯洁的童贞；乌苏拉自己应该在主带领她的任何地方传播福音；并且许多贞女应该通过她从耻辱中被拯救出来，并带着殉道者的冠冕进入天堂。

The angel ordered her also to proceed to Rome with part of her virgins. Ursula confided all this to her ten assistants whom it greatly encouraged. But as many of the others murmured against her because, having started for their nuptials as they thought, she now wanted them to be brides of Christ, Ursula went from ship to ship, reminding them of Abraham, of the sacrifice of his son and of the miraculous help he had received from God.

天神也命令她带着一部分贞女前往罗马。乌苏拉把这一切都告诉了她的十个助手，使她们深受鼓舞。但是，其他许多人开始抱怨她，因为她们本来以为可以结婚了，现在她却想让她们成为基督的新娘，乌苏拉从一艘船到另一艘船，提醒她们亚巴郎祭献独生子的故事，以及他怎样从天主那里得到了奇迹般的帮助。

She told them that they, too, should receive similar strength to offer Him a pure and perfect sacrifice. Then she ordered the cowardly to leave the vessels and return home ; but all were encouraged by her words to remain faithful. As they sailed from England under pretence of joining their destined husbands, a great storm arose which separated their vessels from those of their attendants, and drove them toward the Netherlands.

她告诉她们，她们也应该得到同样的力量，向天主献上纯洁完美的祭献。然后她命令胆小的人离开船回家去；但所有人都被她的话鼓舞了，要保持忠诚。当她们从英格兰航行，假装去和她们注定要嫁的丈夫会合时，一场大风暴把她们的船只与随从的船只分开了，并把她们推向荷兰。

They could make use of neither sails nor oars, and the sea miraculously arose as they neared the land. As soon as they disembarked, their dangers began. A savage nation tried to oppose their progress ; but at Ursula's words, the maidens were allowed to return unmolested to their ships. A city lay at the point at which they quitted the open sea to sail up the Rhine, and here they encountered great troubles ; but Ursula spoke for all, answered all.

她们既不能使用风帆，也不能使用桨，当她们接近陆地时，海水奇迹般地涨起来了。她们一上岸，危险就开始了。一个野蛮的民族试图阻止她们前行； 但在乌苏拉的解释下，少女们被允许不受干扰地返回她们的船上。在她们离开公海沿莱茵河航行的地方有一座城市，在这里，她们遇到了很大的麻烦。 但乌苏拉代表所有的人说话，回答了所有的人的问题。

When violent hands were about to be laid on the virgins, they boldly flew to arms and received supernatural assistance which paralyzed their aggressors, rendered them powerless to harm them. Many maidens, as also widows and their children joined them on their journey. Before reaching Cologne, they were more than once challenged, interrogated, and threatened by the barbarous tribes along the shores.

当暴力之手即将落到贞女身上时，她们勇敢地拿起武器迎战武装军队，并受到了超自然的帮助，使施暴者瘫痪，无力伤害她们。许多少女，以及寡妇和她们的孩子都加入了她们的行列。在到达科隆之前，她们不止一次受到沿岸野蛮部落的挑战、盘问和威胁。

It was Ursula who always responded, and who urged her companions to ply their oars. They arrived safe at Cologne where they found a Christian community and a little church. Here they sojourned for a time. The widows who had joined them on the journey and many young girls remained behind when Ursula proceeded further on her way.

乌苏拉总是作出回应，她敦促她的同伴们划桨。 她们安全抵达了科隆，在那里她们发现了一个基督教社区和一个小教堂。 她们在这里逗留了一段时间。 当乌苏拉继续前行时，那些与她们一起上路的寡妇和许多年轻女孩都留在了后面。

Before setting out, however, she earnestly exhorted them to martyrdom as Christian matrons and virgins, rather than suffer violence from the pagan barbarians. They scattered throughout the surrounding district, spreading everywhere the teachings and heroic spirit of Ursula, who had departed with five vessels. On reaching Basle, some of her little company remained therewith the ships whilst she herself set out for Rome with about forty of her maidens, accompanied by the priests and guides.

然而，在出发之前，她恳切地劝告她们，应以基督的净配和童贞的身份殉道，而不是遭受异教野蛮人的暴力。他们把乌苏拉的教诲和英雄气概到处传播，乌苏拉带着五艘船离开了。到达巴塞尔（瑞士西北莱茵河畔与德法交界）后，她的一小群人留在船上，而她自己则带着大约四十名少女在司铎和向导的陪同下，启程前往罗马。

They went processionally like pilgrims, through wildernesses and mountainous districts, praying and chanting psalms. Wherever they halted, Ursula spoke of the espousals with Jesus and of the pure, immaculate death of virgins. Everywhere were they joined by recruits, whilst some of their number remained behind to diffuse their own spirit among the people.

她们像朝圣者一样列队而行，穿过旷野和山区，祈祷和咏唱圣咏。无论她们在哪里停顿，乌苏拉都讲论与耶稣的婚姻，以及童贞纯洁无瑕的死亡。到处都有新兵加入她们的队伍，而她们中的一些人则留下来，在人们中传播她们贞洁的精神。

" At Rome they visited the tombs of the martyrs and the different places sanctified by their death. As they were informed that their short dresses and freedom of demeanor attracted attention, they procured mantles. The Pope, Leo the Great, sent for Ursula who disclosed to him the secret of her mission, related her visions, and received his advice with humility and submission.

「在罗马，她们参观了殉道烈士的坟墓和因他们的死而被圣化的在各处殉道的地方。当她们被告知她们的短裙和自由的举止引起了人们的注意时，她们就购买了斗篷。教宗良一世派人去找乌苏拉，乌苏拉向他透露了自已的使命，讲述了自已的异象，并以谦逊和服从的态度，恭恭敬敬地接受了教宗的建议。

He gave her his benediction and presented her with some relics. On their departure, they were joined by Bishop Cyriacus and two priests, one Peter of Egypt, and the other from St. Augustine's birth-place, a nephew of the one who had bestowed lands on the saint for his monastery. Reverence for the holy relics was their chief motive in following Ursula.

教宗降福了她，并送给她一些圣髑。在她们离开时，主教希里亚库斯和两位神父加入了她们，一位是埃及的伯多禄，另一位来自圣奥斯定的出生地，他是圣奥斯定的侄子，圣奥斯定曾将土地赠予他做为修道院。对圣髑的崇敬是他们追随乌苏拉的主要动机。

She took with her to Cologne a relic of St. Peter which is still venerated as such, though none know whence it came ; one of St. Paul ; some hair of St, John the Evangelist, and a scrap of the garment he wore when cast into the boiling oil. On the return of the pilgrims to Basle, they were joined by so many recruits that eleven vessels were necessary to convey them to Cologne.

她带着一件圣伯多禄的圣髑来到科隆，这圣髑至今仍受人尊敬，只是没有人知道圣髑是从哪里来的。还有圣保禄的圣髑； 圣史若望的一些头发，以及他扔进沸腾的油锅时穿的衣服的一小片。当这些朝圣者返回巴塞尔时，有很多新兵加入，需要11艘船只才能将她们运送到科隆。

Meantime, the Huns had made an irruption into the country, bringing with them misery and confusion. At some distance from the city, the angel Raphael appeared to Ursula in a vision, made known the approach of her martyr's crown, and told her all that she was to do ; among other things, that she was to oppose resistance until her little army had been duly prepared and baptized.

与此同时，匈奴人入侵了这个国家，给他们带来了痛苦和混乱。在离城市不远的地方，天神辣法厄尔在异象中显现在乌苏拉面前，告诉她殉道者的冠冕已经临近，并告诉她该做什么；除其他事项外，她还要反对抵抗，直到她那只小军队做好充分的准备和洗礼。

This vision Ursula communicated to her assistants, and all turned their thoughts to God. As they approached Cologne, they were saluted by the shouts and darts of the Huns ; but they rowed vigorously and passed the city. They would not have disembarked at all in its vicinity, were it not that so many of their party were there awaiting their arrival.

乌苏拉将这个异象传达给了她的助手们，她们都把心转向了天主。当她们接近科隆时，她们受到了匈奴人的欢呼和飞镖的致敬；但她们奋力划桨，经过了这座城市。如果不是有这么多人在那里等着她们，她们根本就不会在附近下船登陆。

They landed, therefore, about a league and a half above Cologne and halted in a field between two thickets where they pitched a sort of camp. Here I saw those that had remained behind hurrying to join them with their recruits. Ursula and the priests addressed the different bands and prepared them for the struggle. The Huns approached and their leaders accosted Ursula ; they insisted on being allowed to choose among the maidens.

因此，她们在离科隆上游约一个半法里的地方登陆，在两片灌木丛之间的一片空地上停了下来，在那里她们安营扎寨。在这里，我看到那些留在后面的人正急急忙忙地带着新兵加入他们的队伍。乌苏拉和神父们向不同的分队讲话，让她们做好殉道的准备。匈奴人已经走近了，他们的头领与乌苏拉谈判，他们固执已见地坚持要在少女中挑选妻子。

The latter, however, courageously prepared to defend themselves, whilst some of the inhabitants of the city and the country around who had suffered from the Huns, and others who had become acquainted with the virgins that had remained in Cologne, joined the pious little army armed with poles, clubs, and whatever else they could find.

然而，乌苏拉的军队勇敢地准备自卫，而城市和周边地区一些遭受过匈奴人蹂躏的居民，以及一些认识留在科隆的贞女，都加入了这支虔诚的小军队， 用杆子、棍棒和他们能找到的任何东西武装起来。

This was what had been commanded Ursula by the angel, that time might be gained until all were prepared for martyrdom. During the engagement, I saw Ursula running hither and thither, zealously exhorting the bands in the rear and ardently praying. The priests were everywhere busily baptizing, for numbers of pagan women and girls had come over to them.

这就是天神对乌苏拉的命令，为的是争取时间，直到所有人都为殉道做好准备。预备期间，我看到乌苏拉跑来跑去，热心地劝导后方的分队，热切地祈祷。神父们到处都在忙着施洗，因为有许多异教妇女和女孩来到他们身边。

By the time all were prepared for death, the Huns had surrounded them on all sides. They now ceased defending themselves and gave themselves up to martyrdom, singing the praises of God. Then the Huns fell upon them and slew them with axe and spear. I saw a whole row of virgins fall at one time under the darts of the barbarians ; among them was one named Editha, of whom we have a relic.

等到所有人都做好了殉道的准备时，匈奴人已经从四面八方包围了她们。她们现在不再自卫，而是甘心殉道，歌唱赞颂天主。然后匈奴人扑向她们，用斧头和长矛将她们杀死。我看到一整排贞女同时倒在野蛮人的飞镖下；其中有一位名叫伊迪莎，我们有她的圣髑。

Ursula herself fell pierced by a lance. Among the bodies that strewed the field of martyrdom there were, besides the British virgins, great numbers of those that had joined them at various places, also the priests from Rome, some other men, and some of their enemies. Many more were massacred on board the ships.

乌苏拉自己也被长矛刺穿了。在遍布在殉道场上的尸体中，除了英国的贞女之外，还有许多在各地加入她们的人，还有来自罗马的神父、其他一些男人，以及她们的一些敌人。更多的人在船上被屠杀。

Cordula was not among those who had accompanied Ursula to Rome. She remained at Cologne where many joined her. When the slaughter began, she hid at first through fear ; but she afterward gave herself up with all her companions, requesting to be put to death. The Huns were eager to spare them ; but they offered so sturdy a resistance that, after a long delay, they were placed in a line, bound together by the arms, and shot with arrows.

科尔杜拉并没有陪同乌苏拉去罗马。她留在科隆，许多人加入了她的队伍。 当屠杀开始时，她一开始因为害怕而躲起来；但她后来与所有同伴一起将自己交出，要求被处死。匈奴人很想放过她们；但是她们顽强地抵抗，以至于经过了很多时间的拖延后，她们被排成一列，双臂捆绑在一起，被箭射死。

They went joyfully singing and dancing to martyrdom as if to a marriage-feast. Later on many others gave themselves up and were put to death in different parts of the country. Shortly after, the Huns withdrew from the district. The bodies of the virgins and other martyrs were soon after interred in an enclosed field near Cologne. Deep pits were dug and walled in, and there the bodies were devoutly laid in rows.

她们唱着歌，跳着舞，高高兴兴地去殉教，就像去参加一场婚宴。后来，许多人也舍弃了自己，并在这个国家的不同地区被处死。不久之后，匈奴人撤出该地区。贞女和其他殉道者的尸体很快就被埋葬在科隆附近的一个封闭的田野里。人们挖了很深的坑，用墙围起来，虔诚地把殉道者的尸体一排排地安放在那里。

" The ships of the virgins were open, beautiful, and very light, with galleries around them from which floated little standards ; they had masts and projecting sides. By the oars ran benches used both for seats and births. I have never seen vessels so well ordered. About the time that Ursula left England, the saintly Bishops, Germain and Lupus, lived in France ; the former visited St. Genevieve, in Paris.

「贞女的船是敞开的，很漂亮，很轻，周围有走廊，走廊上飘扬着一些小旗子；它们有桅杆和伸展的侧面。船桨旁边有长凳，既可以用来坐，也可以用来开船。我从来没有见过这样井然有序的船只。大约在乌苏拉离开英格兰的时候，圣洁的主教日尔曼和卢普斯住在法国；日耳曼主教访问了巴黎的圣吉纳维芙。

She was then about twelve years old. When he crossed over to England with Lupus to combat the heretics, he consoled the parents of Ursula and those of the other maidens. — The Huns mostly went bare-legged ;

they had leathern thongs hanging around the lower part of their body, and wore wide jackets and long mantles. These last they often rolled up and carried on their shoulders."

那时乌苏拉大约十二岁。当主教与卢普斯一起前往英格兰与异教徒作战时，他安慰了乌苏拉的父母和其他少女的父母。——匈奴人大多光着腿；他们的下半身挂着皮带，穿着宽大的夹克和长斗篷。他们经常卷起，扛在肩上。」