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Exodus 1 1 ＂These are the rules you shall lay before them. 你要在众人前立定这些法度： 2 When you purchase a Hebrew slave, he is to serve you for six years, but in the seventh year he shall be given his freedom without cost. 假使你买了一个希伯来人作奴隶，他只劳作六年，第七年应自由离去，无须赎金。 3 If he comes into service alone, he shall leave alone; if he comes with a wife, his wife shall leave with him. 他若单身而来，也应单身而去；他若娶了妻子来的，也应让他的妻子与他同去。 4 But if his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall remain the master's property and the man shall leave alone. 若主人给他娶了妻子，妻子也生了子女，妻子和子女都应归于主人，他仍要单身离去。 5 If, however, the slave declares, ‘I am devoted to my master and my wife and children; I will not go free,' 若是那奴隶声明说：我爱我的主人和妻子子女，我不愿离去作自由人。 6 2 his master shall bring him to God and there, at the door or doorpost, he shall pierce his ear with an awl, thus keeping him as his slave forever. 他的主人应领他到天主前，然后领他到门口或门框前，用锥子穿透他的耳朵，如此他可长久服事主人。 7 ＂When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go free as male slaves do. 假使有人将女儿卖作婢女，她不可像男仆那样离去。 8 3 But if her master, who had destined her for himself, dislikes her, he shall let her be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to a foreigner, since he has broken faith with her. 若主人已定她为自己的妻子，以后又厌恶了她，应许她赎身，但因主人对她失了信，不能把她卖给外方人民。 9 If he destines her for his son, he shall treat her like a daughter. 若主人定了她作自己儿子的妻子，就应以待女儿的法律待她。 10 If he takes another wife, he shall not withhold her food, her clothing, or her conjugal rights. 若主人为自己另娶了一个，对前妻的饮食、衣服与合欢之谊，不可减少。 11 If he does not grant her these three things, she shall be given her freedom absolutely, without cost to her. 若对她不实行这三条，她可以离去，无须赎金或代价。 12 ＂Whoever strikes a man a mortal blow must be put to death. 凡打人至死的，应受死刑。 13 He, however, who did not hunt a man down, but caused his death by an act of God, may flee to a place which I will set apart for this purpose. 但若不是有意杀人，而是天主许他的手行的，我给你指定一个他可以逃避的地方。 14 But when a man kills another after maliciously scheming to do so, you must take him even from my altar and put him to death. 假使有人向人行凶，蓄意谋杀，应将他由我的祭坛前抓来处死。 15 Whoever strikes his father or mother shall be put to death. 凡打父亲或母亲的，应受死刑。 16 ＂A kidnaper, whether he sells his victim or still has him when caught, shall be put to death. 凡拐带人口的，无论已将人卖了，或者还在他手中，都应受死刑。 17 ＂Whoever curses his father or mother shall be put to death. 凡咒骂父亲或母亲的，应受死刑。 18 ＂When men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or with his fist, not mortally, but enough to put him in bed, 假使两人吵架，一人用石头或锄头打了另一人，被打的人未死，却应卧床休养， 19 the one who struck the blow shall be acquitted, provided the other can get up and walk around with the help of his staff. Still, he must compensate him for his enforced idleness and provide for his complete cure. 他以后若能起床，能扶杖出外，打他的人，可免处分，但应赔偿他失业的损失，把他完成医好。 20 ＂When a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod so hard that the slave dies under his hand, he shall be punished. 假使有人用棍杖打奴仆或婢女被打死在他手中，必受严罚。 21 If, however, the slave survives for a day or two, he is not to be punished, since the slave is his own property. 但若奴婢还活了一两天，便不受处分，因为他是用银钱买来的。 22 ＂When men have a fight and hurt a pregnant woman, so that she suffers a miscarriage, but no further injury, the guilty one shall be fined as much as the woman's husband demands of him, and he shall pay in the presence of the judges. 假使人们打架，撞伤了孕妇，以致流产，但没有别的损害，伤人者为这罪应按女人的丈夫所提出的，判官所断定的，缴纳罚款。 23 4 But if injury ensues, you shall give life for life, 若有损害，就应以命偿命， 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 以眼还眼，以牙还牙，以手还手，以脚还脚， 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. 以烙还烙，以伤还伤，以疤还疤。 26 ＂When a man strikes his male or female slave in the eye and destroys the use of the eye, he shall let the slave go free in compensation for the eye. 假使有人打坏奴仆或婢女的一只眼睛，为了他的眼睛应让他自由离去。 27 If he knocks out a tooth of his male or female slave, he shall let the slave go free in compensation for the tooth. 若有人打掉奴隶或婢女的一只牙，为了他的牙应让他自由离去。 28 ＂When an ox gores a man or a woman to death, the ox must be stoned; its flesh may not be eaten. The owner of the ox, however, shall go unpunished. 牛无论牴死男或女，应用石头砸死这牛，并且不许吃它的肉，牛主不受惩罚。 29 But if an ox was previously in the habit of goring people and its owner, though warned, would not keep it in; should it then kill a man or a woman, not only must the ox be stoned, but its owner also must be put to death. 但若这只牛以前牴过人，牛主也受过警告，而仍不加防范，这牛无论牴死男女，牛应砸死，牛主也应受死刑。 30 If, however, a fine is imposed on him, he must pay in ransom for his life whatever amount is imposed on him. 若是给他提出了赎价，他应照所提出的一切数目缴纳赎命罚金。 31 This law applies if it is a boy or a girl that the ox gores. 牛若牴死了男女儿童，也应照这法律处理。 32 But if it is a male or a female slave that it gores, he must pay the owner of the slave thirty shekels of silver, and the ox must be stoned. 牛若牴死了一个奴仆或婢女，应给仆婢的主人三十银＂协刻耳，＂牛应砸死。 33 ＂When a man uncovers or digs a cistern and does not cover it over again, should an ox or an ass fall into it, 假使有人敞着旱井，或挖掘旱井时，不加掩盖，无论牛或驴陷在里面， 34 the owner of the cistern must make good by restoring the value of the animal to its owner; the dead animal, however, he may keep. 井主应赔偿，应给牛主银钱，死的牲畜归自己。 35 ＂When one man's ox hurts another's ox so badly that it dies, they shall sell the live ox and divide this money as well as the dead animal equally between them. 假使一人的牛牴死别人的牛，应把活牛卖了，银钱平分，死牛也平分。 36 But if it was known that the ox was previously in the habit of goring and its owner would not keep it in, he must make full restitution, an ox for an ox; but the dead animal he may keep. (v 37) 5 ＂When a man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters or sells it, he shall restore five oxen for the one ox, and four sheep for the one sheep. Footnotes(注解) 1 [1] Rules: judicial precedents to be used in settling questions of law and custom. This introductory phrase serves as the title of the following collection of civil and religious laws (Exodus 21-23) which is called in Exodus 24:7, the book of the covenant. 2 [6] To God: to the sanctuary; or perhaps the phrase is to be rendered, ＂to the gods,＂ in the sense of ＂to the judges.＂ Cf Psalm 82:1. Since the expression ＂to have an open ear＂ meant ＂to obey,＂ a pierced ear lobe was an ancient symbol of obedience. Cf Psalm 40:7. 3 [8] Destined her: intended her as a wife of second rank. 4 [23-25] This section is known as the lex talionis, the law of tit for tat. The purpose of this law was not merely the enforcement of rigorous justice, but also the prevention of greater penalties than would be just. Christ refers to this passage when he exhorts Christians to cede their lawful rights for the sake of charity. Cf Matthew 5:38-40. 5 [36] In the Vulgate, Exodus 22:1-31. |
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